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The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, is playing a key role in the expansion of China's hydropower capacity. An official of the Northwest Electrical Administration reports that seven medium and large hydropower stations have gone up along the upper reaches of the river. These stations have a generating capacity totaling 5.4 million kw. The recently constructed Lijiaxia hydropower station has a capacity of two million kw, according to official figures. The Xinhua News Agency reports that this new station cost five billion yuan, or 604 million U.S. dollars, to complete. These stations will eventually be part of a corridor of 25 planned stations along the river. The news agency reports that the power shortage in northwest China has stifled economic growth in the area. In order to tap the vast potential in the region's water resources, nine electric companies have come together to develop a timetable for the construction of 10 medium sized hydropower stations on the river, the agency claims. The consortium is headed by the China State Power Corporation. Large stations in Gongboxia, generating 1.5 million kw, and Laxiwa, generating 3.72 million kw, are expected to be completed first. The new stations have been constructed along the 918 km Longyangxia to Qingtongxia section of the river. According to the Xinhua News Agency, the Chinese government is committed to increasing investment in power generation in this section of the river, in order to maximize the favorable hydro-electric resources available there. The water level falls by 140 meters every 100 km, with a drop of 1,300 meters in this region. According to Xinhua, the Northwest China Surveying and Designing Institute has revised its plans for hydropower station construction on the upper reaches of the Yellow River. When fully completed, the 25 stations will have a generating capacity of 16.58 million kw, with an annual electricity output of 58.9 billion kwh. Separately, Binnie Black & Veatch has just been appointed by the Shanxi Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project to provide project management systems, construction supervision support, contract management and administrative support, and engineering Quality Assurance systems for the massive diversion of the Yellow River to provide water to the cities of Taiyuan, Datong, and other communities near Beijing. Scheduled for completion in four years, this vast inter-basin water transfer project consists of underground cavern and surface pumping stations, 140 km of hydraulic tunnels, and pumping machinery. Because of the Yellow River's seasonal flows, water must be taken from a large area at specific times. BBV shares the project with Mott MacDonald. Yellow River Tapped To Meet China's Power Needs October98.pdf
- Electricity Demand Down Across China nce growing briskly to keep pace with economic growth, power demand is down throughout much of China, some places dramatically. The reversal is forcing the State Power Corporation to rework its numbers for demand and supply. The revised forecast has not yet been finalized. However, the preliminary estimates suggest that demand will only be 3 percent for 1998 compared to an original estimate of 5 percent. In the first half of 1998 demand only grew by 1 percent, with a number of provinces experiencing negative demand for the first time in years. Growth for 1997-2000 is likely to be revised downward from 6.8 percent to 4-5 percent or less. While the numbers reflect the toll that Asia's financial crisis is beginning to take on China's exporters, a large portion of the decline stems from domestic restructuring and the declining performance of the country's state owned enterprises (SOEs). After years of heavy cash infusions the government reform drive is beginning to scale back lending and force firms to become more efficient or shut down. The result are beginning to show up in the weakening demand for power. Heavy industry, nearly all of which are SOEs, accounts for over 40 percent of electricity consumption in China. When this sector does poorly it has a particularly severe impact on electricity consumption. Among the provinces most affected by the downturn are the provinces of Guangzhou, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan in the South and Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Jilin in the North. Only a few provinces are still experiencing tight supply conditions such as Shaanxi, Gansu and Tibet. The reversal of conditions has taken many in the industry by surprise and led some to deny its long term significance. A number of high ranking officials including Li Peng have said that the situation is temporary and strong demand will resume within one or two years. However, the current situation is having a negative impact on planned power projects. As many as 50,000 MW of new projects will be delayed and some may be canceled altogether. State Power Corporation Revamps Power Forecasts August98.pdf
China will give priority to developing large hydropower generating equipment, in a bid to meet its demand for generating sets with a total capacity of five million kw in the coming five years. According to a source at the China State Power Corporation (CSPC), the country will develop large pumping and energy-conserving generating units in the coming five years, which are designed to serve the Three Gorges power project as well as other large hydropower projects. The source said China is planning to enhance its production capacity of large hydropower generating equipment from the current two million kw to five million kw in the early years of the next century. Meanwhile, China will develop the capability to produce four extra-large generating units, each with a capacity of 700,000 kw. According to a senior CSPC official, China has set the target of an annual electricity output of 1.4 trillion kwh and enhancing its installed power-generating capacity to 300 million kw by the end of this century. The CSPC source noted that China will first exploit the hydroelectric power resources on the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, and on the mainstream and tributaries of the Yangtze, Hongshui, Lancang and Wujiang rivers. China Gives Priority for Large Hydropower Equipment April 98.pdf
Tan Aixing, director general of the bureau of international cooperation with MEP, said mid December that China's Ministry of Electric Power (MEP) has shifted its policy regarding private power development in favor of large generating plants of at least 300 MW. Tan Aixing spoke at the "Power Projects in China" conference in San Francisco which was organized by International Business Communications. China's previous policy had allowed projects with capital costs under $30-million to be approved at the provincial level, resulting in substantial interest in small projects. It also, however, resulted in subdivisions of larger projects into phases that created a proliferation of smaller generating units that were less efficient and create more environmental problems. Tan pointed out that local and provincial governments lack the experience and authority to undertake or approve small projects, hence the remphasis. MEP has also put in place a policy to replace many of the country's small coal-fired units with large ones, calling for 12,000 MW of new units to replace 8,000 MW of existing smaller units. Tan said China will need between 264,000 MW and 314,000 MW by 2010 and by 2000 when the Ninth Five-Year plan ends, 80,000 MW of new capacity will be added. As part of a wider reorganization of the MEP, operation and ownership of about 80% of China's generation assets - about 180,000 MW - were shifted from MEP to the State Power Corporation (SP). (See CER March '97 ) SP has responsibility for the day-to-day operation of power plants and MEP will function as a regulatory body. Tan is temporarily director general at both SP and MEP. Projects can still be developed at the local level and move up for approval through the bureacracy, though most projects will continue to be developed at the local or provincial level. Authority for final approvals still resides with the State Planning Commission (SPC) which is separate from MEP and SP. MEP has made available some larger projects on a build-operate-transfer (BOT) basis - the 700-MW Laibin-B and Changsha projects. Laibin is being developed by a consortium of Electricite de France International and GEC-Alsthom (See CER Nov. '96), while Changsha was awarded to National Power International of the U.K (See CER Oct. '96 ). The BOT process, designed to provide a model for future private power developments, has not generated much interest as a result of continuing legal and regulatory uncertainty. 12/01/97 China Emphasizes Projects Over 300 MW December 97.pdf
A US$734,000 technical assistance project will provide the PRC power sector with a plan for organizational arrangements, which will allow for improved power sector efficiencies, and better prepare the sector for the evolving transition from provincial to regional operations. The TA will examine structural issues and address the mechanics for more efficient operations in the Northeast and East China power regions, and provide a restructuring model to the Ministry of Electric Power. The TA will carry out a comprehensive review of the relationships between the existing regional, provincial, and local organizations; propose modified organizational arrangements, governance and reporting relationships; quantify the benefits for the revised structural arrangements; detail proposals for the commercial arrangements between the organizations; develop methods and parameters by which the performance for the organizations can be judged, such as benchmarking and performance comparisons; examine the technical, environmental, and economic regulatory regime; and suggest means by which the regulatory regime can be improved. About 15 person-months of international consultants with expertise in power sector structural reform, power sector economics, power sector engineering, financial/accounting analysis, and power sector commercial practices will be required. About eight person months of domestic consultants with expertise in PRC power sector structure and PRC power sector economics, and commercial practices will be required. No action has yet been taken to recruit consultants. For further information, contact: K. Sridhar (632) 632-6891 Energy Division (East). Executing Agency: Ministry Of Electric Power, State Power Corporation, No. 137 Fuyou St., Beijing, 100031; Tel: (8610) 6341-5072; Fax:(8610)6601-6077. Power Sector Restructuring September97.pdf
Minister of Electric Power Shi Dazhen stood on the podium once again to proclaim the successes of China's power industry in a special interview with Xinhua late August. Shi Dazhen said that China has recorded monumental progress in developing its power industry, with both the current installed generating capacity of 236 million kw and annual electricity output of 1.0794 trillion kwh ranking second in the world. In addition, China has succeeded in establishing a multi-channel fund collections system for power construction. Shi Dazhen emphasized that China has attracted foreign investment of over US$13 billion for power development, and plans to expand fund-raising channels by adopting various means, including bonds, shares and loans. Shi also cited establishment of the China State Power Corporation as a signal that the nation's power industry has introduced comprehensive reform to transform traditional operating mechanisms and management systems. The minister noted that China's power sector has maintained an annual growth rate of between 8-9 per cent for five consecutive years as new medium- to large-sized generating units with capacity exceeding 10 million kw have been put into operation on annual basis over the past nine years. All urban areas and most rural areas are now linked to major national power grids. China has developed 11 major national power grids with a total installed capacity of 200 million kw, or 92.1 per cent of the national total Some 12 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have met targets for supplying electricity to every village under their jurisdiction. Dazhen said that projections call for 95 percent of the country's total rural population to have access to electricity by the turn of the century. He added that hydropower stations with installed generating capacities of four million kw each have entered operations on an annual basis. Large-sized generating plants with generating capacities of over 200,000 kw each form the backbone of the country's power grids, and account for more than 40 percent of the nation's total installed power generating capacity. The nation's five major inter-provincial power grids and 24 provincial power grids have installed state-of-the-art computer control systems. Shi Dazhen Talks About Progress-Again August97.pdf
remier Li Peng outlined China's state energy policy in an article published in the latest issue of Qiushi, or "seeking truth," a theoretical journal published by the communist party of China Central Committee. In the six-part article, according to Xinhua reports excerpted in the following text, the premier expounds on key development strategies for China's energy industry, the guidelines for the development of China's coal, oil, electricity, nuclear power industries, energy saving policy, and the relationship between energy development and sustained economic growth. In reviewing the development of the energy sector, Li said China's energy industry has witnessed laudable growth and in 1996 produced equivalent to 1.26 billion tons of standard coal of nonrenewable energy, including raw coal, crude oil, natural gas and hydroelectricity. Despite China abundant resources, Li pointed out that per-capita energy consumption in China is only 1.14 tons of standard coal, lower than the world's average, and that the geographic location of different resources is unbalanced and the use of energy mix is in some ways irrational. Noting that the proven deposits of oil and natural gas resources in China are insufficient for supporting China's economic growth, the country has had to strengthen the exploration of domestic oil and natural resources, while importing a certain amount of oil and gas from foreign countries to meet the shortage. In the long run, he said, it is one of the prerequisites in maintaining China's long-term and sustained economic development whether the country's energy industry can meet the requirements of the national economy. Power Industry To Maintain Growth China's power industry should continue to maintain a certain growth rate in the coming 15 years to cater to the demand of the national economy, social development, and people's daily living needs. The ratio of the increase of electricity to that of the gross domestic product can be lowered a bit, in view of the transfer of the economic growth mode, Li said, adding that the figure is estimated at roughly 0.8. Statistics show that China's electricity output rose at an annual rate of 8.3 percent from 1979 to 1996. The country's power-generating capacity increased by more than 15 million kilowatts annually in the Eighth Five-Year Plan (1991-1995). Coal-fueled electric power will still account for 75 percent of the total in the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000), however, because of pollution and transportation issues, coal-fired electricity should not be boosted in large and medium-sized cities, Li said. Hydro power, the premier urged, should account for about 30 percent of the total in China. As the development of electricity requires extensive funding, the sources of which can be the state, local governments, enterprises, and banks, as well as overseas funds in various forms, Li said foreign capital should be used to purchase domestic electricity-generating equipment, and the quality and sales service of domestic equipment should be improved in order to increase their competitiveness. In the meantime, Li said, a rational system to collect electricity fees should be established. Fees should vary, as electricity is used in a wide variety of industries, and the distance of electricity transport differs from place to place. China has founded the State Power Corporation to separate its functions from the government administration, Li said. The corporation should shoulder the task of building a national power network. Small hydroelectric power stations should be extended in rural areas, the premier said. Li Peng Writes On China's Energy Policy May97.pdf
The Chinese power industry with 470 billion yuan of state capital will play a more important role in international securities markets as its new management system moves towards completion, according to official Chinese press reports late March. According to the business weekly of the China Daily, the State Power Corporation, will handle the capital, will support the new system and help it raise money, and increase the value of state capital and foster competition. The capital, representing 80 percent of the industry's value, will be used to raise funds at home and abroad as well as to guarantee cooperation with foreign governments, enterprises and institutions. The corporation, according to Xinhua reports, plans to sell bonds for the industry's operation and development this year. It is considering selling stock after packaging it in line with international conventions and methods. The Beijing Datang Power Generation Co., which made its debut on the London Stock Exchange late March, is representative of the industry and an example that other Chinese power companies expected to follow. Although China's power industry has been restructured several times since 1949, those changes were viewed as readjustments under the old centrally planned regime. With the establishment of the State Power Corporation, (See CER Jan.'97) the restructuring is more substantial. SPC president Shi Dazhen was quoted as saying that China should no longer depend on government guarantees for overseas securities listing, loans and negotiating major projects. Earlier in the month, Shi Dazhen had pledged that power supply for economic development of Shanghai and other areas of east China would be guaranteed. This pledge was made at a recent national meeting on power industry held in Shanghai, attended by leading local officials in charge of power industry from all over the country. Sources from the meeting disclosed that this year, the east China power grid will provide 212 billion kWhs of electricity, which is believed to be able to generally meet the power demand for national economic construction and development in Shanghai municipality, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. In the meantime, power industry authorities have also decided to continue to build more power plants on the Yangtze River and along the coast with Anhui constructing more thermal power plants. Projects that will also play a major role in developing the region's generating capacity are the construction of more hydropower stations in Zhejiang, as well as the continuing construction of the Qinshan nuclear power plant. Jiangsu is authorized to build one new nuclear power station in Lianyungang City, and several thermal power plants will be added in Pudong. Regional officials also said that they have also pledged to make greater efforts to transmit more electricity from energy-strong provinces of west China to east China and to speed the construction of gas-fired power stations in east China. Shi noted that China will start issuing bonds for power industry enterprises to raise funds and will speed up the listing of those enterprises on the stock market this year. In the past several years, China has utilized US$12 billion in foreign investment in its power industry, and that China will focus on clarifying the relationship between the state power industry and its major subsidiaries. Shi also added that China generated 1.075 trillion kilowatt hours of electricity last year, and that the tension between supply and demand in power has eased up. There are now 12 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions where electricity is available in every village, and that the country will realize the goal of bringing electricity to 95 percent of its rural families and to make it available in every county by the year 2000. In 1996 alone, China invested a total of 93.03 billion yuan in large and medium-sized power projects, in which 36.55 billion yuan were state investment, 10.68 billion yuan overseas funds, and the rest investment by enterprises and local bodies. That investment resulted in an additional installed capacity for the year totaling 15 million kw, and 5,477 km of power transmission lines with voltage over 220 kilovolts. For the year China generated a record 1075 billion kilowatts-hours (kwh) of electricity growing 6.8 percent over 1995, and completing 100.5 percent of the pre-set target. China To Restructure Power Industry March97.pdf
The Ministry Of Electric Power (MOEP) announced mid January that it has formed a State Power Corporation Of China (SPCC) to conduct the business related aspects of the ministries' work, i.e., operate power companies and build power stations. The corporation, according U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) reports, will mirror the MOEP until 1998 when the transition period will expire. MOEP Minister Shi Dazhen made the announcement in his new capacity as the President of the SPCC. All other MOEP vice ministers were named as vice presidents of the corporation during a press conference. Minister Shi said: "The State Power Corporation Of China, funded by the state council with solely state-owned investment, will operate and manage in the form of group enterprises. The state power corporation is in turn the investor of state-owned assets as defined by the state council, the main body of the investment and assets operation, also the economic entity for running trans-regional power transmission, as well as the enterprise legal entity for unified management national power network. The state power corporation will adhere to the following principles in regard to its operation arm development: * To benefit separation of government functions from those of enterprises and transformation of operational mechanisms to set up a modernized enterprise system; * To benefit introducing market competition mechanism, and mobilizing enthusiasm of multilateral and multichannel fund raising for facilitating power development; * To benefit national macro economic control on power industry as well as integrated planning, construction. Dispatching and management of power networks: * To benefit rational allocation of resources and maintaining and adding the state's assets value; * To benefit opening to the outside world, introducing foreign funds actively, effectively and reasonably; * To benefit executing "electricity laws and other related laws and regulations." Reorganization Benefits The SPCC will be subject to the administrative management and supervision of MOEP and must also report to the China Electricity Council. It will have the support of the ministry of finance and its annual budget will be allocated directly from the national financial plan. The creation of the SPCC may actually help the MOEP build more power plants as the SPCC will be able to access more export credits and loans particularly those on a project finance basis than the MOEP which could not use its assets as collateral. As a result of the reorganization, the Northeast Group, North Group, East Group, Northwest and Central China Power Group, Huaneng Group, as well as the Gezhouba Engineering Group and the State Power Grid Development Corporation will be exclusive subsidiaries of the SPCC. Six independent provincial companiesÑShandong, Sichuan, Fujian, Yunnan, Guangxi and GuizhouÑwill also be owned by the SPCC. The effects of the reorganization on the power companies are unknown at this time, according to DOC reports, especially corporations such as the Huaneng International Power Development Corp. (HIPDC) which is an active IPP developer in China. The Sunburst Energy Development Inc. under CITIC will remain the only power player outside SPCC's control. State Power Corp. Formed Shi Dazhen President January97.pdf
     
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